ABSTRACTDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining AND transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products AND also, business activities. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the impact of port activities on the development of urban spaces will be different, AND this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. The purpose of this research is to identify the key variables affecting the relations AND SPATIAL structure of port-city in Dubai as the most thriving AND successful port-city in the Persian Gulf. This research is based on deductive reasoning AND carried out by ANALYSIS of cross effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) AND also primary data (questionnaire). sampling method is based on purposive sampling AND Micmac software was used to analyze the data. Output of Micmac software shows the position of the instability of the system. Therefore, the position of each variables in the conceptual model can be categorized to driver, linkage, dependent, AND autonomous factors. The research findings indicate 4 variables (like as “income, cost AND investmnets in port-city”) can be introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) can be introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment AND desirable city”) can be introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection AND sustainable development of the city-port”) can be introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid development of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade AND tourismExtended AbstractIntroductionDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining AND transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products AND also, business activities. The global increase in oil demAND since the 1950s led to the creation of discovery of new oil wells AND large industrial areas. With the construction of new oil or gas facilities in the port areas, increasing oil revenues contributed to the countries of the Persian Gulf region AND form a new geographical relationship between ports AND coastal cities which had an impact on the SPATIAL structure AND relation of them. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the impact of port activities on the development of urban spaces will be different, AND this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. In the 1950s, Containerization (container loading technology) was based in some of the world's ports AND created a huge transformation in the shipping industry, which had a significant impact on the development of ports. Although the ports of the Persian Gulf have made a significant contribution to the economic growth AND physical development of other ports in the world, but few researches have been done on the variables AND factors affecting the development of the SPATIAL structure of the important ports of the Persian Gulf. This region, due to its unique geographical location, has always been considered as a most important corridor in the field of economic AND transportation throughout history. Some of the most important energy AND commercial ports in this region are: Dubai, Manama, Kuwait, Dammam, Doha, Bushehr, BANDar-Abbas AND Assaluyeh. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to identify the key variables affecting the relations AND SPATIAL structure of port-city in Dubai as the most thriving AND successful port-city in the Persian Gulf. MethodologyThis research is based on deductive reasoning AND carried out by ANALYSIS of cross effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) AND also primary data (questionnaire). The method used in this research is quantitative AND the sampling method is based on purposive sampling. the variables affecting the SPATIAL structure of port-city relations were identified in the form of a review of 31 prominent articles. 25 experts (who had comprehensive knowledge AND information about the development process of the city-port of Dubai) participated to determine the effectiveness or influence of variables. Finally, the output of data ANALYSIS was done by the Micmac software. Results AND discussionOutput of Micmac software shows the position of the variables in the diagram that it indicates their status in the system AND their role in the dynamics AND changes of the system. The method of distribution AND dispersion of the variables in the SPATIAL structure of port-city relations indicates the instability of the system. Therefore, based on the output of the system, the position of each variables in the conceptual model can be identified in five categories (driver, linkage, dependent, autonomous AND regulatory variables). According to the results, some variables such as “the changes in the strategic positions” AND “geopolitics of port-city”, “the modification of the management method” AND “regional planning of the ports”, “the promotion of local governance in the relations between port-city” AND “the way of national AND international management of ports have been introduced as driver variables. On the other hAND, five variables consist of “advanced multimodal transportation in the port” AND “income, cost AND investment in the port-city”, “the contrast AND physical integration of the port - city space”, “the development of various industrial AND production activities in the ports AND their local hinterlAND” AND “their qualities Financial AND commercial policies of ports” have been introduced as linkage variables. Findings of research also shows that some variables consist of “quality of living environment AND desirable city”, “quantity AND quality of transit corridors (rail, road AND air) to hinterlAND”, “construction AND launching the new port (sea port or dry port)”, “terminal facilities AND infrastructure AND warehousing”, “conflict or convergence between the city AND the port” AND “increase in population growth rate AND migration to the port - city” categorized as dependent variables. Three variables including “cultural AND historical background of ports”, “use of cheaper energy, Less-polluted, clean AND renewable energies in the city-port” AND “environmental protection AND sustainable development of the city-port” categorized as autonomous variables. Finally, a variable with the title of “improvement in management AND information technology AND development in loading, unloading AND storage of commodities” have been introduced as regulatory variables. The findings of this research have a remarkable similarity with other researches carried out in the field of city-port relation AND clearly emphasize the direct impact of the "investment in port-city" in the development of them. For example, Grossmann (2008) emphasized that city-port of Hamburg has become one of the largest ports in Northern Europe during the last few decades due to huge domestic AND foreign investment. ConclusionThis research carried out in order to introduce AND explain the key variables affecting the development of the SPATIAL structure of the port-city of Dubai. On this basis, 21 variables have been extracted by systematic reviews of prominent articles. In the following, 25 experts were selected with the purposive sampling method. Among the 21 variables extracted, 4 variables (like as “geopolitics of port-city”) introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment AND desirable city”) introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection AND sustainable development of the city-port”) introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid development of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade AND tourism. A part of these revenues has been directed towards investment in important transportation infrastructures such as airports AND ports of this city. These strategies have a wide impact on improving the economic growth of the city AND the development of the port in order to adapt with the global trade AND advanced technologies. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Due to having spring AND autumn genotypes AND adaptation to weather conditions, rapeseed is considered as a point hope to provide edible oil of country. Two separate experiments were set up as split-plot in a RCBD design with three replications in two fall AND winter seasons during two years (2014-2015 AND 2015-2016) at the research field of Seed AND Plant Improvement Institute to investigate the effect of sowing season AND date on the quantitative AND QUALITATIVE yields of rapeseed genotypes in Karaj, Iran. In this study, the main plots were sowing dates (7, 17, AND 27 October in fall sowing AND 9 AND 19 February, AND 1 March in winter sowings) AND sub-plots consisted of genotypes (RGS003, Dalgan, Zabol10, Hyola401, AND Hyola4815). Rapeseed genotypes grain AND oil yields were 4330 AND 1840 kg ha-1 in fall sowing, respectively, while these traits were decreased 43.3 AND 46.6% respectively, when rapeseed genotypes were planted in winter season. The highest grain AND oil yields (5033 AND 2202 kg ha-1) belonged to 7 October sowing date in fall sowing, while 9 February had the highest grain AND oil yields (2996 AND 1248 kg ha-1) in winter sowing. In general, the Dalgan genotype is recommended for cultivation due to suitable agronomic traits such as number of silique per plant, number of grain per silique, silique length, 1000-grain weight, as well as high grain AND oil yields in cold temperate regions with arid AND semi-arid climates such as Karaj, Iran.

The present research studied the (causal, contextual, AND intervening) conditions, strategies, AND consequences of violence in the lives of child wives in Chabahar city, conducted with a QUALITATIVE methodology based on grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 child-married girls in Chabahar city who were selected through theoretical sampling AND snowball method. The ANALYSIS of the data in the framework of the three-level open, axial AND selective coding system showed that gendered inequality AND discrimination, women's inferiority, men's value, the culture of silence AND the culture of violence play a role in the experience of child-wives in terms of violence (causal conditions), which leads to a type of increased, double violence for them (core category); violence that operates within the framework of the family institution, the main mechanism of which are previous traditions AND rules, AND the perpetrators of which are men AND women who were themselves the victims of the same traditions AND rules that they have, now, internalized AND used again against their daughters. This increased violence happens in a context where patriarchy is widespread (contextual conditions) AND due to the generalized self-deprecation among child wives (intervening conditions), they may attempt to escape, get separated, threaten, AND commit suicide (strategies), AND these actions have consequences such as symbolic, physical, AND sexual violence AND even social isolation (consequences).

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research AND innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security AND examine its relationship with patents AND Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database AND GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, AND the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication AND citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, AND food production index compared to Iran, Japan, AND South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population AND the number of papers, gross production AND the number of papers, food production AND the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents AND papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, AND food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, AND innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, AND innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, AND ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understANDing of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental AND normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision AND regulation determines how the market functions AND in order to understAND this difference one must understAND competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production AND industry or on a non-interventional AND regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements AND imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity AND clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran AND the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

A B S T R A C TThe right to the city in urban development goes beyond the physical form AND, at the same time, has a mental AND social meaning, which has been popularized in planning theory AND urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents AND the distinctive features of the space AND believes that the right to the city can only be formulated as the right to the evolved AND renewed urban life. Based on descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to SPATIALly analyze the components of right to the city in BANDar Abbas. Therefore, after collecting 77 subjective AND objective measures around the research components, the multi-criteria decision-making technique of COPRAS has been exploited to integrate the data in the ArcMap Tools. The findings show that in the current state of urban development in BANDar Abbas, the right to the city in all its aspects, the right to ownership, the right to participation AND the right to difference for the residents have been weakened AND ignored. A share of up to 20.7% of the city space, which is mainly directed to the wealthy neighborhoods AND parts of the central areas of the city, as well as parts of new developments, the right to the city has been more manifested, AND in about 19.8% of the city spaces. Mainly applicable to informal settlements AND slums of the city, this right has been undermined AND ignoredExtended AbstractIntroductionThe right to the city as a physical, mental AND social concept seeks a fundamental change in dealing with urban planning AND development issues, which has been popularized in planning theory AND urban studies after its proposal by Lefebvre. This theory focuses on the residents AND the distinctive features of the space AND believes that the right to the city can only be formulated as the right to the evolved AND renewed urban life. In other words, this theory is a call for the priority of the consumption value of the city against its exchange value, which can only be pursued through the ANALYSIS of urban issues in the framework of the "city space" metaphor in the right to the city. It is a fundamental change in the city to create opportunities AND space for citizens to meet AND achieve their needs. MethodologyFrom a descriptive-explanatory purpose, this research seeks to SPATIALly analyze the explanatory components of urban development in BANDar Abbas from the perspective of the right to the city. In this research, by collecting 77 subjective AND objective measures, the COPRAS multi-criteria decision-making technique has been used to integrate data in the ArcMap environment. Citizens are the source of mental data, official documents AND maps are the objective data, AND experts are the relative weight of the criteria. It should be mentioned that to guarantee the validity of the content based on the guidance of supervisors AND advisors, the collective opinion of university experts AND the use of similar studies were exerted. The reliability of the questionnaire was also tested by Cronbach's alpha method, AND the value of the alpha coefficient (0.866) indicates the high reliability of the questionnaire. Results AND discussionThe findings show that in the current state of urban development in BANDar Abbas, the right to the city in all its aspects, including the right to possession, the right to participation, AND the right to difference for the residents, has been weakened AND ignored. A review of the findings shows that the social function of the city's real estate AND lAND, with a coefficient of 0.136, followed by environmental justice, with a coefficient of 0.131, has the greatest impact on the urban development of BANDar Abbas. On the other hAND, socio-SPATIAL justice in the process of taking over space, with a coefficient of 0.106, shows the lowest level of influence in the development of BANDar Abbas compared to other components of the right to the city. The results show that about 20% of the area of BANDar Abbas city is in a very unfavorable situation compared to the components of urban development based on the right to the city approach. These areas of the city are spaces where the residents' right to the city has been severely denied, AND they are deprived of taking over the city space.In this regard, the results show that 20.7% of the city's space, mainly focused on wealthy neighborhoods, parts of the city's central areas, AND parts of Mehr's housing, has the right to a greater manifestation of the city. The city's space is more in line with its residents. As shown in the SPATIAL distribution of the urban development components of BANDar Abbas based on the right to the city approach, the possession of space through the right to presence, the accessibility of residents to the opportunities AND resources of the city, as well as the fair distribution of facilities AND services play a decisive role in urban development. However, as the results show, it is the difference that gives meaning to the urban space, AND therefore the space must provide the conditions for the city to play a role in meeting the needs of all city groups. The requirement of this role is the central position of the residents in making decisions about the city space, which is a unique way to realize the right to the city. ConclusionAs Brenner states, the right to the city is a call to create "cities for people, not for profit." In this definition, urban development is more than a physical thing AND has a mental AND social dimension at the same time. In terms of the right to the city, the right to possession, the right to participation, AND the right to difference form the trinity of urban development AND the guiding light of these three principles that determine the quality of a different city. Unfortunately, urban development in BANDar Abbas has weakened AND denied residents' rights. The zoning resulting from the SPATIAL ANALYSIS shows that about 19.8% of the city's spaces, which mainly correspond to informal settlements AND poor neighborhoods, this right has been weakened AND ignored. From the theoretical aspect of the right to the city, this event originates from the space as an economic AND physical thing exchanged in the market, not a consumption thing formed by the citizens AND in social interaction with the space. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization AND writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

To investigate the effects of fertilizer regimes on quantitative AND QUALITATIVE traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, a field experiment at three replications with the Split Plate arrangement in a completely rANDomized block design was conducted in the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the 2017-18 growing season.Water deficit stress (irrigation after discharging 20 (optimal irrigation), 40 (mild water deficit stress), 60 (moderate water deficit stress) AND 80% (severe water deficit stress) of water used (available water)) in the main plot AND fertilizer regime (urea, nitroxin, vermicompost, azocompost AND no fertilizer) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest leaf fresh weight (1797 kg ha-1) AND total biomass (2957 kg ha-1) were obtained by application of urea in mild water deficit stress condition AND the highest dry matter digestibility percentage was observed in azocompost treatment in moderate water deficit stress condition (57.8%). The highest crude protein was produced in severe water deficit stress condition (19.72%) AND moderate water deficit stress (18.4%), respectively.. The highest percentage of water soluble carbohydrate AND neutral detergent fiber were obtained from no fertilizer in moderate water deficit stress (22.06%) AND application of urea in severe water deficit stress conditions, respectively. Mild water deficit stress application to produce high biomass is recommended for Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. According to the results, application of urea in mild water deficit stress was selected as the best treatment to produce forage 32% more than control.

Purpose: The flourishing of political parties AND currents is one of the signs of the degree of development in societies. In contemporary Iran AND since the formation of the constitutional movement, political currents have gone through many ups AND downs AND it can be said that political currents in Iran after the Islamic Revolution have not yet reached the stage of institutionalization AND stability. A characteristic feature of political currents in Iran is the divergence AND division among political currents in recent decades, AND this can be one of the reasons for the instability AND cross-sectional AND seasonal activity of political parties in Iran. Therefore, the necessity of leading research seeks to answer the question of how factors AND divergence among political currents in Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution can be analyzed? AND what are the scenarios for the advancement of political currents in Iran?Method: To answer this question, the method of causal-layer ANALYSIS, which is one of the QUALITATIVE methods in futures research, has been used.Findings: The research findings indicate that this divergence is due to a wide range of reasons from the level of causal systems (from the institutionalization of power to the formation of parties as elitist initiatives), worldview AND discourse (from charismatic political authority to culture). Subsidiary-follower politics to myth-metaphor (Iranian individualism to belief in a strong state-weak society) can be analyzed.Conclusions: Three scenarios for the future of Iranian political currents can be considered: integration of currents as the security valve of the political system, the collapse of political currents in the traditional form, integration AND consolidation in new social movements (virtualized parties).

In the present study, the main purpose is the QUALITATIVE study on garbage collection in Tehran city. It has been done by QUALITATIVE research method. Semi-structured interview AND purposeful sampling techniques were used in data collection. To do this, 15 people were interviewed AND the sample size in the present study was determined based on theoretical saturation. Thematic ANALYSIS was used to analyze the data. Theme ANALYSIS was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central AND core themes. A total of 184 initial themes were extracted from all interviews. In the main coding stage, the following 9 main themes were merged. Escape from poverty in the origin AND the inevitable choice of inferiority, society's view to garbage collectors, AND high stress, strengthening the cycle of academic reluctance AND illiteracy, physical AND mental torment, unknown horizon AND confusion of the Khojies, legal ambiguity AND customary definitions AND contracts, complaints from relevant institutions, the entry of the mafia AND the formation of rent AND corruption. Finally, these themes fall into two categories of social harmfulness of recycling AND institutional exclusion AND illegallity of the status of garbage collectors in the second distrect in the form of the core theme of the structure of socially harmful AND institutionally illegal, waste phenomenon explained..